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An Optimization of the FPGA Based Wavelet Trigger in Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays

机译:基于FpGa的小波无线电探测小波触发优化   宇宙射线

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摘要

Experiments that observe coherent radio emission from extensive air showersinduced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays are designed for a detailed study ofthe development of the electromagnetic part of air showers. Radio detectors canoperate with 100% up time as e.g. surface detectors based on water-Cherenkovtanks. They are being developed for ground-based experiments (e.g. the PierreAuger Observatory) as another type of air shower detector in addition to thefluorescence detectors, which operate with only ~10% of duty in dark nights.The radio signals from air showers are caused by the coherent emission due togeomagnetic radiation and charge excess processes. Currently used self-triggersin radio detectors often generate a dense stream of data, which is analyzedafterwards. Huge amounts of registered data requires a significant man-powerfor the off-line analysis. An improvement of the trigger efficiency becomes arelevant factor. In this work, Morlet wavelets with various scaling factors were used for ananalysis of real data from the Auger Engineering Radio Array and for anoptimization of the utilization of the resources in an FPGA. The waveletanalysis showed that the power of events is concentrated mostly in a limitedrange of the frequency spectrum (consistent with a range imposed by the inputanalog band-pass filter). However, we found several events with suspiciousspectral characteristics, where the signal power is spread over the fullband-width sampled by a 200 MHz digitizer with significant contribution of veryhigh and very low frequencies. These events may not origin from cosmic rayshowers but can be human-made contaminations. The engine of the waveletanalysis can be implemented into the modern powerful FPGA and can removesuspicious events on-line to reduce the trigger rate.
机译:实验旨在观察超高能宇宙射线引起的大范围空气喷淋的相干无线电发射,以详细研究空气喷淋的电磁部分的发展。无线电探测器可以以100%的正常运行时间运行,例如基于水切伦科夫坦克的地面探测器。它们正在开发用于地面实验(例如PierreAuger天文台),这是除荧光检测器之外的另一种空气淋浴探测器,该荧光检测器在漆黑的夜晚仅占工作量的10%。地磁辐射引起的相干发射和电荷过量过程。当前使用的自触发无线电探测器中通常会生成密集的数据流,然后对其进行分析。大量的注册数据需要大量的人力进行离线分析。触发效率的提高成为相关因素。在这项工作中,具有各种比例因子的Morlet小波被用于分析来自俄歇工程无线电阵列的真实数据,并优化了FPGA中资源的利用。小波分析表明,事件的力量主要集中在频谱的有限范围内(与输入模拟带通滤波器施加的范围一致)。但是,我们发现了一些具有可疑频谱特征的事件,其中信号功率分布在由200 MHz数字化仪采样的全带宽上,对非常高和非常低的频率做出了重大贡献。这些事件可能不是起源于宇宙射线管,而是人为污染。 waveletanalysis的引擎可以在现代功能强大的FPGA中实现,并且可以在线删除可疑事件以降低触发率。

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